Introduction to HTML:
HTML stands for HyperText Markup language. It is a standardized system for creating web pages. HTML creates the structure of a web page and uses “tags” to mark up a web page.
HTML is the backbone of web development, and HTML5 is its most powerful and versatile iteration. If you’re looking to build a high-performance web page, you won’t get very far without an understanding of HTML5.
Of the top 10 million websites on the internet, the majority of them use HTML5. Most businesses, therefore, depend on HTML5 developers to uphold their online operations. But as with any computer language, it takes time to be mastered, and finding the right HTML5 developer is not always an easy feat.
Why do we use HTML?
HTML code ensures the proper formatting of text and images so that your Internet browser may display them as they are intended to look. Without HTML, a browser would not know how to display text as elements or load images or other elements. HTML also provides a basic structure of the page, upon which Cascading Style Sheets are overlaid to change its appearance. One could think of HTML as the bones (structure) of a web page, and CSS as its skin (appearance).
The Basic Skeleton of HTML:
<html>
<head>
<title> InterviewGoal</title>
</head>
<body>
..........................
....Body ....
..........................
</body>
</html>HTML interview questions to hire skilled web developers
1. What is HTML5?
Sample answer:
HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and displaying content on the internet. This includes animations, audio, images, and text, among many other things, and all without the need for additional software. HTML5 is the most recent and most advanced version of HTML.
2. What are the key differences between HTML and HTML5?
Sample answer:
HTML5 has made several steps forward compared to its previous versions. Notable changes include:
HTML5 supports video, graphics, and audio, whereas HTML only supports them through third-party extensions
HTML5 is mobile-friendly, whereas HTML is not
HTML5 is compatible with all major web browsers, whereas HTML is not
HTML5 offers several options for local storage, whereas HTML only offers cookies
HTML5 supports multi-threading, whereas HTML operates only in one thread
3. What are tags in HTML5 and how many are required to make a basic web page?
Sample answer:
Tags are pieces of HTML5 code used to define the structure of the page. There are more than 100 tags in HTML5, with each one serving a unique purpose, such as positioning text or supporting audio.
In their most basic form, most web pages will need around four tags to get started. These are , , , and .
4. What are elements in HTML5?
Sample answer:
Elements are components of HTML5 code that instruct the web browser how to structure and interpret the HTML5 document. Typically, they encompass an opening tag, a closing tag, and specified content between the opening and closing tags, depending on the type of tag used.
5. What are attributes in HTML5?
Sample answer:
Attributes are special properties or characteristics used within an element to modify its behavior. For example, attributes can be used to specify the dimensions or positioning values of an image. Attributes are specified within the opening tag and must be enclosed in quotation marks.
6. What is CSS and what is its relationship with HTML5?
Sample answer:
CSS, or Cascading Style Sheet, is a style sheet language used with HTML5 to format and display the elements specified by the markup language for the end user. While HTML5 defines the structure of a page, CSS specifies the document’s style, including page layout, colors, and fonts.
7. What are the key HTML5 page structure elements?
Sample answer:
The most important HTML5 structure elements are:
, containing the header or top of the page
, containing the footer or bottom of the page
, containing one section that is thematically similar to other sections
, containing standalone content
, containing the navigation functionality of the page
, containing secondary content
8. What is the role of drag and drop in HTML5?
Sample answer:
Drag and drop is a user interface tool used to copy, reorder, and delete items with the cursor. It’s new to HTML5 and helps save a significant amount of time and effort while coding. Once an element’s ‘draggable’ attribute is set to true, it can be dragged and dropped with the mouse.
9. What are input elements in HTML5?
Sample answer:
Input elements are used to create interactive controls that receive and process information from the user. For example, inputs could be used to process login details, collect customer feedback, or display a form.
10. What is meant by web storage in HTML5?
Sample answer:
Web storage refers to HTML5’s new storage features. Previous HTML versions relied on cookies for storage in the server, but web storage now means data can be stored locally within the user’s browser. Web storage also offers a larger storage limit and is more secure.
11. How do you link to another web page using HTML5?
Sample answer:
The anchor tag, or tag in code, is used with the ‘href’ attribute to link to other web pages. The URL and linked text are both included in the element.
For example, a link to the Google homepage would look like this in HTML5 code:
Google Search Engine
12. What are the three types of lists in HTML5?
Sample answer:
The three types of HTML5 lists are:
Ordered list, which is used to group related items in a specific order
Unordered list, which is used to group related items in no particular order
Description list, which is used to group terms and their descriptions
13. What are the key benefits of HTML5?
Sample answer:
HTML5 improves on its previous versions in a multitude of ways. Among its biggest strengths we have HTML5’s:
Compatibility with all web browsers and devices
Cleaner code for developers
Native support for multimedia content
Quicker load times due to offline storage cache
Introduction of geolocation
14. What is the role of formatting tags in HTML5?
Sample answer:
Formatting tags allow text to be stylized in HTML5 without the need for CSS. There are a number of HTML5 formatting tags, and the most popular ones include:
– used to make text bold
– used to italicize text
– used to underline text
– used to highlight text
– used to mark text as important
15. What types of graphics are supported by HTML5?
Sample answer:
Unlike previous versions, HTML5 offers inbuilt graphics features. The two types of graphics supported by HTML5 are:
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), used to create vector-based graphics, such as diagrams and icons
Canvas, used to draw graphics, such as shapes
16. What is new about the relationship between the and tags in HTML5?
Sample answer:
The tag is used to design the header of a web page and can contain a range of elements including text, logos, or a navigation bar.
The tag is the textual part of the header and is used to specify the most important section of a piece of content. It’s often used alongside other header tags (through to ) to format and prioritize content sections.
17. What are some of the new input types in HTML5?
Sample answer:
HTML5 introduces several new input types to create a more interactive user experience. The new input types include:
Date, used to select a date from a drop-down calendar
Time, used to enter a time
Email, used to enter an email address
Tel, used to enter a telephone number with a specific pattern
Color, used to select a color from a color picker
Range, used to select a range of values on a slider
18. What are image maps in HTML5?
Sample answer:
Image maps are images with several clickable areas that link to different web pages. They use the and tags. Coordinates are specified to segment the image into different areas and then relevant links are applied.
19. What are some of the most important APIs in HTML5?
Sample answer:
HTML5 supports a wide range of APIs. Some of the most popular ones include:
Geolocation API, used to identify the user’s location
Web Speech API, which provides speech recognition functionality
Clipboard API, which provides copy, cut, and paste functionality
History API, which provides access to the browser navigation history
Web Notifications API, used to send web-based notifications to users
20. How can a copyright symbol be added to the webpage using HTML5?
Sample answer:
The ‘©’ code is used to generate the copyright symbol (©). As a best practice, it should be accompanied by a year and the name of the organization.
To include copyright information in the footer of a web page, the code would look like this:
21. What is the role of DOCTYPE in HTML5?
Sample answer:
All HTML pages (HTML5 included) need to have their document type declared in the first line of code. DOCTYPE instructs the browser how to interpret the document by indicating what type and version of markup language are being used.
For HTML5 documents, the following DOCTYPE declaration code is used:
22. What are the different types of storage in HTML5?
Sample answer:
HTML5 supports two types of web storage. These are:
sessionStorage: temporary storage available for the duration of the page session
localStorage: permanent storage available until data is deleted by the user
23. What is metadata in HTML5 and how is it specified?
Sample answer:
Metadata is data that describes other data, providing additional information about an HTML document. Its purpose is to help browsers, search engines and other web applications better interpret a document. Examples of metadata include the description, author, and keywords.
The tag is used to define metadata about an HTML document. tags are always enclosed within the of the HTML document.
24. What are the new tags for multimedia in HTML5?
Sample answer:
Unlike previous versions, HTML5 allows developers to create multimedia objects without the need for additional plugins. The new tags that facilitate this are:
– used to embed audio content
– used to embed video content
– used to embed content from an external source
– used to embed multiple media resources
– used to specify text tracks (such as subtitles) for audio and video content
25. What are some of the main issues with HTML5?
Sample answer:
While HTML5 is an effective markup language, it can still pose problems to web developers. Some challenges include:
New security threats associated with local storage
Advanced features are not necessarily supported by all browsers
Mobile compatibility requires additional coding
Its limited access to hardware APIs
Its steep learning curve
26. What are the best audio and video formats to use in HTML5?
Sample answer:
HTML5 supports MP3, Ogg, WebM, ADTS, FLAC, and WAV audio formats. A WAV file is uncompressed and typically large, making it unsuitable. Each browser supports its own set of audio formats; MP3 is the only audio format that is currently compatible with all major browsers.
In terms of video, HTML5 supports MP4, WebM, and Ogg formats. While MP4 is generally considered the recommended video format, not all browsers support it natively due to licensing issues. In these cases, WebM can be used as an alternative.
27. How can HTML5 be used for data storage purposes?
Sample answer:
While HTML5 doesn’t include data storage functionality as part of its native specification, it’s possible to store data through the integration of data-related APIs. These can be used with HTML5 documents to manipulate client-side databases with SQL.
The two HTML5 APIs for data storage and querying are:
IndexedDB API, a standard maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium
Web SQL Database, now considered deprecated
28. What is microdata in HTML5 and how is it created?
Sample answer:
Microdata allows developers to define the custom semantics of elements and embed custom properties within the web page.
It’s used to provide browsers and search engines with more information about the contents of the web page so that they can display results that best match the user’s search intent.
Microdata is created using the element. Information about the item is then specified using the element.
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29. How is the Geolocation API implemented in HTML5?
Sample answer:
The HTML5 Geolocation API uses the device’s GPS, WiFi or mobile signal to triangulate the user’s latitude and longitude coordinates. The user must give their permission before geolocation services can be used on their device.
From the developer’s point of view, the Geolocation API is implemented firstly by calling the geolocation.navigator object. Three methods are then used by the API to handle location data:
getCurrentPosition identifies the device’s current location and returns a position object with data
watchPosition returns a value whenever the device location changes
clearWatch cancels the previous watchPosition call
30. What are some of the key global attributes in HTML5?
Sample answer:
Global attributes are attributes that can be applied to all HTML5 elements. Some of the most important global attributes are:
accesskey, used to specify a keyboard shortcut for an element
class, used to assign one or more class names to an element
dir, used to specify the base direction of the element’s text
data-*, used to store custom data specific to the web page
contenteditable, used to indicate whether the content is editable or not
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